//Bibliography
  • The Colophon, A Book Collectors' Quarterly

    1. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Summer 1935, № 1, vol. 1. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1935. Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, paper boards, serial pictorial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 7-159 [160] [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | SUMMER 1935 | VOLUME I • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 1 | NEW YORK, N. Y. ||
    2. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Autumn 1935, № 2, vol. 1. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1935. (2 copies). Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, paper boards, serial pictorial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 167-315 [315] [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | AUTUMN 1935 | VOLUME I • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 2 | NEW YORK ||
    3. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Autumn 1936, № 1, vol. 2. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1936. Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, cloth serial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 7-157 [158] [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | AUTUMN 1936 | VOLUME II • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 1 | NEW YORK ||
    4. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Winter 1936, № 3, vol. 1. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1936. (2 copies) Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, paper boards, serial pictorial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 323-480 [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | WINTER 1936 | VOLUME I • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 3 | NEW YORK ||
    5. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Autumn 1937, № 4, vol. 2. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1937. Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, cloth serial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 487-628 [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | AUTUMN 1937 | VOLUME II • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 4 | NEW YORK ||
    6. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Summer 1938, № 3, vol. 3. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1938. Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, cloth new serial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 335-476 [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | SUMMER 1938 | VOLUME III • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 3 | NEW YORK ||
    7. The colophon (new series): A quarterly for bookmen / Autumn 1938, № 4, vol. 3. — NY: Pynson Printers, 1938. Hardcover, 24 x 16 cm, cloth new serial design; pp: [4 blanks] [6] 483-632 [4 blanks]. THE | COLOPHON | new series | A QUARTERLY FOR BOOKMEN | {woodcut vignette} | — | AUTUMN 1938 | VOLUME III • NEW SERIES • NUMBER 4 | NEW YORK ||  
  • Paperback brochure, 17.5 x 12.8 cm, in publisher’s wrappers, blue and brown lettering in an architectural frame to front, publisher’s device and price in blue to back; errata slip laid in; pp.: [1-6] 7-76 [4]; collated 8vo: 1-58, total 40 leaves. Title-page (red and black): ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО | “ACADEMIA” | КАТАЛОГ ИЗДАНИЙ | 1929—1933 | С ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕМ ПЛАНА | ИЗДАНИЙ НА ТРЕХЛЕТИЕ | 1933—1935 | МОСКВА—ЛЕНИНГРАД | 1932 || Print run: 10,000 copies.
  • Hardcover, 20.7 x 13 cm, paper boards and spine, silver and gilt lettering, pictorial endpapers, pp.: [1-5] 6-321 [5] [10 advert.], in-text ill., total 336 pages plus 12 (8+4) leaves of plates. 944 entries (1921-1938), plus a list of new books published between 1991 and 2004. Title-page: В. В. Крылов | Е. В. Кичатова | ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО | «ACADEMIA» | ЛЮДИ И КНИГИ | 1921 ~ 1938 ~ 1991 | Под общей редакцией | В. А. Попова | ~ | {publisher’s device} | Москва | 2004 || Print run: 2,000 copeis. Contributors: Крылов, Вячеслав Викторович (Russian, 1940 – 2005) Кичатова, Екатерина Вячеславовна (Russian)  
  • Original exhibition catalogue in wrappers, 23.6 x 16 cm, pp.: [1-4] 5-125 [3], two leaves of plates after p. 16 and 32 plates; [1-8] 9-61 [3], 16 plates; total 192 pages and 26 leaves of photographic plates, one of them in colour. For the 2nd edition of classical PPM see LIB-0775.2015 in this collection. Printer: The University Press, Oxford; Vivian Hughes Ridler (British, 1913 – 2009) Publisher: F. W. Bridges & Sons Ltd.; Association of British Manufacturers of Printers' Machinery Ltd. Authors of preface: Sir Frank Chalton Francis (British, 1901 –1988); Stanley Arthur Morison (British, 1889 – 1967); John Waynflete Carter (British, 1905 – 1975). Front wrapper: PRINTING | AND THE | MIND OF MAN (white lettering in red frame) | CATALOGUE OF THE | EXHIBITION AT | THE BRITISH MUSEUM | AND AT | EARLS COURT, LONDON | 16–27 JULY 1963 | ORGANIZED IN CONNEXION WITH THE | ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL PRINTING MACHINERY | AND ALLIED TRADES EXHIBITION || (red lettering). Title-page: PRINTING | AND THE | MIND OF MAN (white lettering in black frame) |ASSEMBLED AT | THE BRITISH MUSEUM | AND AT | EARLS COURT | LONDON | 16–27 JULY 1963 | PUBLISHED BY | MESSRS F.W. BRIDGES & SONS LTD AND | THE ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH MANUFACTURERS OF PRINTERS' MACHINERY (PROPRIETARY) LTD | COPIES OBTAINABLE FROM THE BRITISH MUSEUM || Opposite-title: CATALOGUE OF A | DISPLAY OF | PRINTING MECHANISMS AND | PRINTED MATERIALS | ARRANGED TO ILLUSTRATE | THE HISTORY | OF | WESTERN CIVILIZATION | AND THE MEANS OF | THE MULTIPLICATION | OF | LITERARY TEXTS | SINCE THE XV CENTURY | ORGANIZED IN CONNEXION WITH THE | ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL PRINTING MACHINERY | AND ALLIED TRADES EXHIBITION | UNDER THE TITLE OF ||
  • Description: One volume, collated 4to, 26.2 x 18.5 x 8 cm, ¾ calf over marbled boards, gilt decorated flat spine with gilt lettering, marbled endpapers, publisher’s wrappers preserved. Title-page (red and black): LE TRÉSOR | DU | BIBLIOPHILE | ÉPOQUE ROMANTIQUE | 1801–1875 | PAR | L. CARTERET | Libraire de plusieurs Sociétés de Bibliophiles | LIVRES ILLUSTRÉS DU XIXe SIÈCLE | PARIS | L. CARTERET, ÉDITEUR | ANCIENNE LIBRAIRIE CONQUET | 5, RUE DROUOT, 5 | Novembre 1927 || Publisher's wrapper similar, in a frame Collation: front wrapper, π4 (2 blanks, h.t./limit., t.p./copyright], [1] – 894, χ2 (colophon, 1 blank), back wrapper, orig. spine, ils. within collation; total 362 leaves within wrappers; 2 leaves of modern inset bound-in between pp. 106 and 107. Pagination: [8][1-3] 4-712 [4], total 724 pages plus 4 pp inset, ils. Content: pp. 1-25 – propos; 29-600 – bibliographie; 601-603 – table ills; 605-639 – table des ouvrages cités; 641-712 – table des artistes. Printed by Imp. Lahure on November 30, 1927. Contributors: Léopold Carteret (French, 1873 – 1948) Imprimerie Générale de A. Lahure (Paris) Alexis Lahure (French, 1849 – 1928)
  • Description: Publisher’s wrappers 24 x 17 cm, pp. [1-6] 7-125 [3], total 64 leaves, edition limited to 150 copies. Includes “Errata & Addenda”, published in 2022. Cover and title-page: JEAN-PIERRE DUTEL | – | BIBLIOGRAPHIE | DES | OUVRAGES ÉROTIQUES | PUBLIÉS CLANDESTINEMENT EN FRANÇAIS | ENTRE 1650 ET 1970 (SUPPLÉMENT) | {publisher’s device} | J-P DUTEL, LIBRAIRE-ÉDITEUR | 16, RUE JACQUES-CALLOT 75006 PARIS | MMXXI ||
  • Reprint. Originally published in four volumes in Paris by Perrin, 1882-1890, limited edition of 550 copies: 50 exemplaires sur papier de Holland (nos. 1 à 50) 500 exemplaires sur papier vélin (nos. 51 à 550). Two volumes (992 and 1,056 pp.), 23.8 x 16.3 x 6 cm each, in black buckram, gilt lettering in a double fillet frame to spine: “VOLTAIRE | Bibliographie | De Ses | Oeuvres | X X | BENGESCO | Volumes | I & II (III & IV) | {publisher’s device} || pp: (1) [i-ix] x-xix [xx] [1] 2-494; (2) [12] [i] ii-xviii [1] 2-438 [10]; (3)[6] [i] ii-xv, [1] 2-609 [3] + one folding plate; (4) [8] [i] ii-xxii [2] [1] 2-391 [392]. Title-page: VOLTAIRE | — | BIBLIOGRAPHIE DE SES ŒUVRES | PAR | GEORGES BENGESCO | TOME PREMIER (DEUXIÈME; TROISIÈME; QUATRIÈME) | COURONNÉ PAR L’ACADEMIE FRANÇAISE | {piblisher’s device} | Martino Publishing | Mansfield Centre, CT | 2006 || In the original t.p. BIBLIOGRAPHIE DE SES ŒUVRES and GEORGES BENGESCO printed in red, after the publisher’s device: PARIS | ÉD. ROUVIERE & G. BLOND | ÉDITEURS | 98 RUE DE RICHELIEU 98 | 1882 (etc.) || Contents: — T.1. Théâtre. Poésies. Grands ouvrages historiques. Dictionnaire philosophique et questions sur l'Encyclopédie. Romans. — T. 2. Mélanges. Ouvrages édités par Voltaire. Ouvrages annotés par Voltaire. — T. 3. Correspondance. Cent lettres de Voltaire qui ne figurent dans aucune édition de ses œuvres et suivi du réperoire chronologique de sa correspondance de 1711 à 1778, avec l'indication des principales sources de chaque lettre." — T.4. Œuvres complètes de Voltaire. Principaux extraits de Voltaire. Ouvrages faussement attribués à Voltaire Georges Bengesco [Gheorghe Bengescu] (Romanian, 1848 – 1922) François-Marie Arouet [Voltaire] (French, 1694 – 1778)
  • One volume 22.3 x 14.4 cm, green buckram, gilt lettering to spine, Brooklyn public library copy with stamps and sticker; [i-iv] v-xi [xii blank], [1-2] 3-144 [4 blank], total 160 pages, 80 leaves; 620 entries + index. Title-page (vertical double-rule, left indent): CHODERLOS de LACLOS | The Man, His Works, and His Critics | An Annotated Bibliography | Colette Verger Michael | {publisher’s device} | GARLAND PUBLISHING INC. • NEW YORK & LONDON | 1982 || Contributors: Michael, Colette Verger (American, b. 1937) Choderlos de Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François (French, 1741 – 1803) – author. Ref.: WorldCat.
  • Description: One volume in grey-blue French flapped wrapper, 24 x 16.7 cm, collated 8vo, with black and red lettering to front cover, printed on watermarked thick wove paper Alfax Navarre, margins untrimmed, some pages uncut, illustrated with 12 aquatint plates signed Le Loup. Front wrapper and title (red and black): RESTIF DE LA BRETONNE | L'ANTI-JUSTINE | OU | LES DÉLICES DE L' AMOUR | Nouvelle édition entièrement revue et corrigée, | établie pour la première fois sur le texte original de 1798. | PRÉCÉDÉE D'UNE NOTICE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE | par HELPEY | bibliographe poitevin | {device} | ILE SAINT-LOUIS | DE L’IMPRIMERIE DE Monsieur Nicolas. Limitation: Printed 350 copies, numbered 1-350, on alfax paper; this copy is № 256. Collation: 1-158 166, incl. the 1st and last leaves within the wrappers, total 126 leaves plus 12 plates extraneous to collation. Pagination: [4 blank] [1-4] 5-243 [244 blank] [4 blank], total 252 pages, ils. Catalogue raisonné: Dutel (1920-1970) № 1025, p. 45. Ref.: Danson Erotica Collection at Trinity College, Oxford – KK.6.33. Contributors: Nicolas Edmé Restif de la Bretonne (French, 1734 – 1806) – author. Louis Perceau [Helpey] (French, 1883 – 1942) – author. Maurice Henri Hector Duflou (French, 1885 – 1951) – publisher. The artist – Le Loup – unidentified.
  • Printed on-demand, pictorial softcover, 22.9 x 15.2 cm, front: MARTIN | VAN MAELE |{fac-simile il.}| AN ILLUSTRATED | BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CHECKLIST | S. A. PERRY ||, blurb to back, lettering to spine, pp.: [12] [1] 2-207 [3] (total 222 pages), 107 reproductions of van Maele illustrations, 94 items bibliographical description. Title-page: S. A. PERRY. | Martin Van Maele | An Illustrated Bibliographical Checklist | 2015 || in a double-fillet frame. Colophon: Made in the USA | Las Vegas, NV | 26 December 2021. Maurice François Alfred Martin van Maële [Martin van Maële] (French, 1863 – 1926).
  • Title-page: DELLE | NOVELLE ITALIANE | IN PROSA | BIBLIOGRAFIA | DI | BARTOLOMMEO GAMBA | BASSANESE | EDIZIONE SECONDA | CON CORREZIONI ED AGGIUNTE | {publisher’s device} | FIRENZE | TIPOGRAFIA ALL’INSEGNA DI Dante | M.DCCC.XXXV. || Collation: 8vo; π8 1-198; an extra leaf between 18 and 19 (189, pp. 289-10, errata), leaf 11 unsigned, leaf 12 signed 11. Total 161 leaves plus 6 leaves of plates extraneous to collation; Plates (copperplate engravings): (1) Giovanni Boccaccio, (2) Angelo Firezuola (i.e. Agnolo Firenzuola), (3) Lorenzo Magalotti, (4) Gasparo Gozzi, and (5) Michele Colombo by Marco Comirato, and (6) Franco Sacchetti by Francesco Bosa. Pagination: [i-iii] iv-xv [xvi] [1-3] 4-290, index [16], total 322 pages plus 6 plates, unpaginated. Binding: 22.4 x 15 cm, modern brown half-morocco over green sprinkled boards, red label with gilt lettering, publisher’s yellow wrappers preserved. Edition: 2nd; the 1st edition was published in 1833. Contributors: Bartolommeo Gamba (Italian, 1766 – 1841) – author, complier. Marco Comirato (Italian, c. 1800 – 1869) – engraver. Francesco Bosa (Italian, ? – ?) – engraver. Sitters: Giovanni Boccaccio (Italian, 1313 –1375) Franco Sacchetti (Italian, c. 1335 – c. 1400) Agnolo Firenzuola] (Italian, 1493 – 1543) Lorenzo Magalotti (Italian, 1637 – 1712) Gasparo Gozzi (Italian, 1713 – 1786) Michele Colombo (Italian, 1747 – 1838)
  • Exhibition held December 4, 2007, to March 2, 2008, at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Title: L'enfer de la Bibliothèque | ÉROS AU SECRET | Sous la direction | de Marie-Françoise Quignard | et Raymond-Josué Seckel | [spase] | {BnF | Bibliothèque nationale de France || Description: 23 x 16 cm, publisher’s lettered wrappers and pictorial dust jacket, [1-17] 18-460 [4], ils.; 257 entries, 8 pp. bibliography, 10 pp. index.
  • Title page: JOHN LANDWEHR | ROMEYN DE HOOGHE | (1645-1708) | AS BOOK ILLUSTRATOR | A BIBLIOGRAPHY | {space} | 1970 | AMSTERDAM: VANGENDT & CO | NEW YORK: ABNER SCHRAM || Pagination: [1-6] 7-247 [248 blank], ils. Content:109 entries, concordance table and 12 pp. of indices. Binding: 27.3 x 19.7 cm, green cloth, silver lettering to spine, pictorial dust jacket. ISBN: 90 6300 467 2. Contributors: Romeyn de Hooghe (Dutch, 1645 – 1708) John Landwehr – author.

    Van Gendt & Co. (Amsterdam) – publisher.

    Abner Schram Ltd. (NY) – publisher.    
  • Vol. 1: Front wrapper (green and black): Pascal Pia | les | Livres | de l'Enfer | du XVIeme siècle à nos jours | TOME I | C. Coulet et A. Faure || Title page: Pascal Pia | les | Livres (historiated initial «L») | de l'Enfer | Bibliographie critique des ouvrages | érotiques dans leurs différentes | éditions du XVIe siècle à nos jours. | Tome I | A à L | C. Coulet et A. Faure | 5 rue Drouot | Paris 9e | 1978 || Pagination: [1-6] 7-413 [414]. Vol. 2: Front wrapper similar to Vol. 1 but “TOME II”; title similar to Vol. 1 but “Tome II | M à Z”. Pagination: [6] 415-837 [838] [2] – colophon / blank. Entries in the main sections are not numbered, each page has two columns of text and the columns are numbered 1-778 in vol. 1 and 779-1440 in vol. 2; p. 751– 792 – l'enfer BNF (numbered list); pp. 793-837 – index of authors, artists, editors, publishers, etc. Edition: 1st; limited to 900 copies, first 100 numbered 1-100 and printed on Ingres paper, next 800 numbered 1-800 and printed on Centaure Ivoire paper. This copy is № 34 (stamped in black) from the first hundred. Binding: 25 x 16.5 cm, both volumes printed on laid watermarked paper “Ingres”, untrimmed, uncut, uniformly bound in publisher’s wrappers lettered on front and spine. Contributors: Pascal Pia [Pierre Durand] (French, 1903 – 1979) – author/compiler. Imprimerie centrale de l'Ouest (Roche-sur-Yon) – printer.
  • Title page: CATALOGUE | DES | OUVRAGES, ÉCRITS | ET DESSINS | DE TOUTE NATURE | POURSUIVIS, SUPPRIMÉS OU CONDAMNÉS | DEPUIS LE 21 OCTOBRE 1814 JUSQU'AU 31 JUILLET 1877 | Edition entièrement nouvelle, considérablement augmentée | SUIVIE DE LA TABLE DES NOMS D’AUTEURS ET D’ÉDITEURS | ET ACCOMPAGNÉE DE NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ET ANALYTIQUES | PAR | FERNAND DRUJON | {publisher’s device} | PARIS | LIBRAIRIE ANCIENNE ET MODERNE | ÉDOUARD ROUVEYRE | 1, RUE DES SAINTS-PÈRES, 1 | 1879 || Pagination: [2] [i-v] vi-xxxvii [xxxviii blank] [1] 2-430 [2] 1-16, total number of pages 2+38+430+2+16=488. Collation: 8vo; π4 i-ii8 1-258 26-294 ω8, total number of leaves 4+(2x8)+(25x8)+(4x4)+8=244; 2 binder’s blank leaves before the front wrapper, 2 blanks after the wrapper, blank / avis important, h.t. with gift inscription from publisher to Anger / limitation, t.p. / blank, [text], 17 leaves of advert., 2 blanks before back wrapper, 1 binder’s blank after. Binding: 28.3 x 19 cm, tree-quarter beige buckram over marbled boards, spine: brown leather label with gilt double fillet top and bottom, gilt lettering, stamped in gilt with a lily and a year of publishing, gilt double-fillet to tail; publisher’s wrappers bound in. Bookplate with motto “AGE DICANT” to front pastedown. Gift inscription: "À mon ami Anger | Hommage de me bien dévoué | Édouard Rouveyre". Possibly Pierre Anger (1854-19..).
    Edition: 1st edition, this copy is from an unnumbered print run. Despite the note "Edition entièrement nouvelle, considérablement augmentée" this is obviously the 1st edition.
    Contributors: Drujon, Fernand (French, 1845 – 1912) Rouveyre, Édouard (French, 1849 – 1930)
  • Title page: A | BIBLIOGRAPHY | OF | THE WRITINGS OF | JOSEPH CONRAD (1895–1920) | BY THOMAS J. WISE | ❦ | LONDON: | PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY | By Richard Clay & Sons, Ltd. | 1920 || Pagination: [i-viii] ix-xiii [xiv-xvi], [1, 2] 3-105 [106-112], frontispiece with tissue guard in collation; 128 pages total. Collation: 8vo; [A]-H8, 64 leaves total. Binding: 22.5 x 18 cm; terracotta paper boards, black lettering to front and spine; uncut. The device on the recto of the last leaf inscribed: The Ashley library. Privately printed. 1920. Insert: ALS from Thomas J. Wise dated 22/3/21 on watermarked paper (King of Kent | Extra Fine) with letterhead “Kirkstead”, 25 Heath Drive, Hampstead, N.W.3. The letter is a response to a request for two copies of Volume II of Wise’s Swinburne bibliography, which Wise promises to supply the next day to Stevens & Brown (founded in 1864, Literary and Fine Arts Agents). Limitation: 150 copies, private printing. Contributors: Joseph Conrad [Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski] (British-Polish, 1857 – 1924) Wise, Thomas James (British, 1859 – 1937) – compiler, bibliographer. R. Clay & Sons Ltd. (London); Clay, Richard (British, 1789 – 1877) – publisher. The Ashley Library (London) – printer.
  • Title page: A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE | OF THE | MILTON COLLECTION | IN THE ALEXANDER | TURNBULL LIBRARY, | WELLINGTON, | NEW ZEALAND |Describing works printed before 1801 | held in the Library at December 1975 | COMPILED BY | K. A. COLERIDGE | Published for the Alexander Turnbull Library, | National Library of New Zealand, | by OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS | 1980. Pagination: [i-v] vi-xxv [xxvi blank], [1] 2-536, plus 27 leaves with 60 plates. Printer: Printed in Great Britain at the Pitman Press, Bath. Size: 22.5 x 14.5 cm. Binding: Black cloth, gilt lettering to spine, lettered maroon dust-jacket, unclipped (£35.00 net in UK). Contributor: Kathleen A. Coleridge (New Zealand, b. 1944).
  • Cover: John Milton | A Catalogue of Works by or Relating to | John Milton | {vignette portrait} | Catalogue 620 | Issued by | MAGGS BROS. Ltd. | 34 & 35 Conduit Street, New Bond Street | LONDON, W.I. | and at Paris | 1936 || Title page: top left: Catalogue 620; top right: 1936, middle: JOHN MILTON | A CATALOGUE OF WORKS BY OR | RELATING TO JOHN MILTON | Largely comprising the Library of the well-known Milton Scholar, the late | prof. Hugh C. H. Candy, B.A., B Sc. | {coat of arms: by appointment to his majesty King George V} | MAGGS BROS. Ltd. | BOOKSELLERS BY APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE V | AND H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES | 34 & 35 CONDUIT STREET, LONDON, W.I. | TELEGRAPHIC & CABLE ADDRESS: “BIBLIOLITE, LONDON.” […] TEL.: REGENT 1337 | At Paris: Maggs Bros., 93 & 95 Rue La Boëtie. || Printed: Courier Press Leamington SPA and London. Pagination: [1-4] 5-56 [6], wrappers incl. in pagination, the total number of leaves is 31. Binding: 24 x 18.5 cm, publisher’s tan wrappers, front wrapper detached, browned.